N Concordance 1 e evaluation of computed tomography and mediastinoscopy in mediastinal lymph nod 2 all cost may increase, routine cervical mediastinoscopy is necessary for precise 3 s used. All patients underwent cervical mediastinoscopy. When superior mediastin 4 e staging procedures were inconsistent. Mediastinoscopy was required in some tri 5 T were 41 and 77%, respectively, and of mediastinoscopy 100 and 96%, respectivel 6 on in a neoadjuvant trial. The roles of mediastinoscopy and computed tomography 7 gical mediastinal staging such as prior mediastinoscopy or Chamberlain procedure 8 rovides no accurate staging and routine mediastinoscopy is necessary for precise 9 ce videothoracoscopy as a complement to mediastinoscopy in preoperative manageme 10 gland by a transcervical approach under mediastinoscopy. This procedure provides