Course guide of Econometrics 1 (2391131)

This subject is a continuation of the quantitative-oriented subjects. The student should have a solid understanding of the concepts and foundations covered in these subjects (Quantitative Techniques I and II) in order to better follow the Econometrics 1 classes. Additionally, familiarity with concepts from subjects related to the basic principles of Economics and Mathematics would also be beneficial.

• Introduction: The role of Econometrics
• The classical linear regression model.
• Assumptions Least Squares Properties of estimators in finite samples
• Asymptotic properties. Laws of large numbers and limit theorems
• Inference and prediction. Restricted estimation. Maximum likelihood estimation
• Functional form, specification errors, and structural change
• Heteroscedasticity
• Autocorrelation
• Generalized Method of Moments

The student will be able to:

• Estimate and interpret the parameters of a linear regression model.
• Validate linear hypotheses about the propositions that theoretical models propose regarding the parameters.
• Make predictions about future values of dependent variables, assessing their reliability.

1. The role of Econometrics
   1. The econometric method
   2. Economic models and econometric models
   3. Components of an econometric model: variables, parameters, and relationships
   4. Phases of the econometric method
   5. Nature of information used in Econometrics
2. The classical multiple linear regression model
   1. Introduction
   2. The linearity assumption
   3. The assumption of full column rank
   4. The exogeneity assumption
   5. The causality assumption. The sample generating process
   6. Assumptions about the disturbance term
   7. The assumption of normality of the disturbance term
3. The ordinary least squares
   1. Introduction
   2. Regression by least squares
   3. Algebraic properties of least squares
   4. Normal equations.
   5. Goodness of fit.
   6. The role of the constant term
   7. Coefficient of determination and model selection
4. Properties of ordinary least squares estimators in finite samples
   1. Variance of OLS estimators. Unbiased and optimal linear estimation. The Gauss-Markov theorem
   2. Estimation of the disturbance term variance and the OLS estimators of model parameters
   3. The assumption of normality and inference on model parameters
   4. Hypothesis testing of model parameters. The general hypothesis test
   5. Confidence intervals for model parameters
   6. Testing the overall significance of the model, relationship with ANOVA
5. Prediction. Restricted estimation and maximum likelihood
   1. Point prediction and interval prediction
   2. Restricted least squares estimation. Estimator formula and variance
   3. Relative variation in the sum of squared residuals when restricting parameter values. The Chow test.
   4. Maximum likelihood estimation
6. Functional form and use of dummy variables
   1. Qualitative variables: Concept and specification with dummy variables
   2. The use of dummy variables in nonlinear models
   3. Structural change tests with dummy variables. Modeling and structural change tests
7. Generalized linear model
   1. Generalized least squares estimator
   2. Feasible Generalized Least Squares estimators
8. Heteroscedasticity
   1. Concept and causes of heteroscedasticity
   2. Goldfeld-Quandt test
   3. Breusch-Pagan test
   4. White test
   5. Test for equality of variances across different subsamples
   6. Estimation of models with heteroscedasticity
9. Autocorrelation
   1. Nature and causes of autocorrelation
   2. Consequences and detection of autocorrelation
   3. Tests for detecting autocorrelation
   4. Estimation of models with autocorrelated disturbances

The practical syllabus matches the theoretical one.

• Wooldridge, J., (2015). Introducción a la econometría: un enfoque moderno (5a ed.). Ed. Cengage Learning.

• Sánchez, C., López, M.M. y García, T. (2015). Econometría. Ed. Fleming.
• Sánchez, C. (1999). Métodos Econométricos. Ariel Economía. Barcelona.
• Herrerías, R. y Sánchez, C. (1995). Ejercicios de Econometría. Ed. Proyecto Sur.
• Gujarati, D. (1992). Econometría. Ed. McGraw Hill.
• Uriel, y otros (1990). Econometría. El Modelo Lineal. Ed. A. C.
• Johnston, J. (1987). Métodos de Econometría. Ed. Vicens-Vives.
• Salvatore, D. (1983). Econometría. Ed. McGraw Hill, Serie Schaum.
• Greene (1999): Análisis Econométrico. Ed. Prentice Hall.
• Martín, G. Labeaga, JM. y Mochón, F. (1997). Introducción a la Econometría. Ed. Prentice Hall.
• Guisán, MC (1997). Econometría. Ed McGraw Hill
• Intriligator y otros (1996): Econometric Models, Tecniques and Applications. Prentice Hall.
• Pulido, A. (1989). Modelos Econométricos. Ed. Pirámide.
• Novales, A. (1988). Econometría. Ed. McGraw Hill
• Kmenta. J. (1987): Elementos de Econometria- Ed- Vicens Vives.

Here are the recommended links:

1. PRADO Platform: http://prado.ugr.es
2. Guide for the development of an econometric model: http://www.ugr.es/~jchica/Pagina2/Modelo/Modelo.htm

• MD01. Docencia presencial en el aula 
• MD02. Estudio individualizado del alumno, búsqueda, consulta y tratamiento de información, resolución de problemas y casos prácticos, y realización de trabajos y exposiciones. 
• MD03. Tutorías individuales y/o colectivas y evaluación  

The overall grade will correspond to the weighted score of the different aspects and activities that make up the evaluation system. The grading system will be expressed through a numerical grade according to the provisions of article 5 of Royal Decree 1125/2003, of September 5th, which establishes the European credit system and the grading system for official university degrees with validity throughout the national territory.

In order to assess the acquisition of the contents and competencies to be developed in the subject, a diversified evaluation system will be used, selecting the most appropriate evaluation techniques for the subject at each moment, which will allow to demonstrate the different knowledge and skills acquired by students when taking the subject.

Specifically, the overall grade for the continuous assessment system will correspond to the weighted score of the different aspects and activities that make up the evaluation system:

1. Continuous assessment (30%): Among the following evaluation techniques, one or several of them will be used:
   1. Written test: essay exams, multiple-choice tests, problem solving, cases or scenarios, short-answer tests, computer-based tests, reports, and class journals. Oral test: oral presentations in class, individual or group, on subject content (seminar) and on the execution of practical tasks corresponding to specific competencies.
   2. Observation: observation scales, where the student's behaviors in the execution of tasks or activities corresponding to the competencies are recorded.
   3. Techniques based on student attendance and active participation in class, seminars, and tutorials: work in small groups on proposed practical scenarios.
2. Written assessment (70%): It will consist of a theoretical part and a practical part. To pass the subject, it will be necessary to meet all of the following requirements:
   1. Obtain at least 35% of the score in the theoretical part of the written test.
   2. Obtain at least 35% of the score in the practical part of the written test.
   3. Obtain at least a minimum score of five points, on a scale of zero to ten, in the written test. In this case, to pass the subject, it will be necessary to obtain a minimum score of five points on the overall grade scale of zero to ten. If any of the THREE aforementioned requirements are not met, the overall grade for the subject in the regular examination period will be "Fail," with a numerical grade that will be the minimum of four points and the sum of the points obtained in the written part plus the continuous assessment. A student who does not take the final exam in the regular examination period will receive a grade of "Not present."

In extraordinary examination periods, a single exam will be conducted and graded on a scale of 10 points, with 5 points for the theory part and 5 points for the practical part. The final grade will be the simple arithmetic average of the two parts. To calculate the average, a minimum of 35% in the theory part and 35% in the practical part is required.

Students who submit the corresponding request to the Department Director within the deadlines specified in the applicable regulations and whose request is approved will be eligible for the final single evaluation.

Additionally, students who are allowed to opt for the final single evaluation without the need to request it from the Department Director, in accordance with the evaluation and grading regulations of the University of Granada, may also avail themselves of this option.

Specifically, the procedure for evaluation through the final single evaluation system will be as follows:

A single exam will be conducted and graded on a scale of 10 points, with 5 points for the theory part and 5 points for the practical part. The final grade will be the simple arithmetic average of the two parts. To calculate the average, a minimum of 35% in the theory part and 35% in the practical part is required.