Nuevas estructuras familiares y abandono educativo adolescente en España: Un análisis de la heterogeneidad según el estatus socioeconómico de los padres
Manuel Mejías-Leiva – Universidad de Valladolid - ORCID
Almudena Moreno Mínguez – Universidad de Valladolid - ORCID
Resumen
Este estudio tiene como objetivo investigar la relación entre una amplia gama de estructuras familiares y el abandono educativo de los y las adolescentes en España, y examinar si esta relación varía según el estatus socioeconómico de los padres. Para ello, se ha utilizado información de la Encuesta de Población Activa fusionando todos los trimestres desde 2010 a 2019, y se han aplicado modelos de probabilidad lineal. Los resultados muestran que los y las adolescentes que crecen en familias monomarentales solteras, cohabitantes o reconstituidas tienen una mayor probabilidad de abandono educativo que aquellos y aquellas que crecen con ambos progenitores casados presentes en el hogar, incluso tras controlar las características sociodemográficas y el origen social. Estas desventajas son más pronunciadas en adolescentes cuyo padre o madre tienen un bajo nivel educativo, mientras que no se observa tales penalizaciones en los hijos e hijas de familias donde los padres poseen un alto nivel educativo. Estos resultados sugieren que las estructuras familiares pueden contribuir a la reproducción de las desigualdades educativas relacionadas con el abandono escolar en España, un país del sur de Europa que ha experimentado importantes cambios demográficos y familiares en las últimas décadas.
Palabras clave: Abandono educativo
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