Explorando la relación entre estereotipos, emociones y la respuesta social: afiliación social y ayuda institucional hacia personas de bajo SES
María Teresa Guzmán Nieto – Universidad de Granada - ORCID
Inmaculada Valor Segura – Universidad de Granada - ORCID
Resumen
El estatus socioeconómico (SES) se refiere a la posición que ocupan las personas en la jerarquía social en función de indicadores como los ingresos, la educación y la ocupación. El presente trabajo se centra en la percepción de las personas de bajo SES. En concreto a las personas de bajo SES se las percibe como menos competentes y cálidas. Estos estereotipos influencian las emociones y las conductas hacia las personas de bajo SES. De esta forma, emociones como el desprecio y conductas como la afiliación social o deseo de cercanía y la ayuda institucional, es decir, el apoyo a políticas de protección y bienestar social dirigidas a mejorar su situación; se ven influenciadas por los estereotipos asociados a las personas de bajo SES. En el presente estudio participaron un total de 197 participantes. Respecto a la competencia, los resultados han mostrado una correlación positiva con el afecto positivo, la ira y el asco y, de manera negativa, con la pena y la compasión. Mientras que la calidez correlacionó positivamente con el afecto positivo y negativamente con la pena. Finalmente, a modo resumen, la percepción de las personas de bajo SES como cálidas se relacionó positivamente con ayuda institucional, mientras que al percibir a las personas de bajo SES como competentes se relacionó con mayor afiliación social.
Palabras clave: Estereotipos
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